Temporal variation of hydrogeochemical characteristics and processes of aquifers in the Liuqiao coal mine

Studying the characteristics and hydrogeochemical evolution processes of groundwater can contribute to prevention water-related hazards ensure sustainable management resources. In this study, coal-bearing sandstone aquifer Carboniferous limestone Taiyuan formation in Liuqiao coal mine Huaibei coalfield were assessed using piper diagram, Gibbs diagrams, ionic proportion ratios, principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that Na + K SO 4 2− dominant cations anion, respectively, both aquifers. coefficients variation six hydrochemical parameters increased gradually, reflecting different water chemical compositions. compositions was dominated by water-rock interaction, including dissolution rock salt, cation exchange adsorption pyrite oxidation. addition, PCA revealed two first components, explaining highest variance. Over time, sample points mostly found second third quadrants, indicating salinization effect as a result gradual increase alternating adsorption.